WAVES is a decentralized blockchain platform focusing on custom blockchain tokens operations. National currencies transfer is maintained on the WAVES blockchain through compliant gateway operators. Decentralized token exchange facilitates fundraising, crowdfunding, and trading of financial instruments on the blockchain. Lightweight clients provide an easy installation procedure and a flat learning curve for end users.
Category: Recently Added Whitepapers
Bytecoin Whitepaper
Bitcoin has been a successful implementation of the concept of p2p electronic cash. Both professionals and the general public have come to appreciate the convenient combination of public transactions and proof-of-work as a trust model. Today, the user base of electronic cash is growing at a steady pace; customers are attracted to low fees and the anonymity provided by electronic cash and merchants value its predicted and decentralized emission. Bitcoin has effectively proved that electronic cash can be as simple as paper money and as convenient as credit cards.
Unfortunately, Bitcoin suffers from several deficiencies. For example, the system’s distributed nature is inflexible, preventing the implementation of new features until almost all of the network users update their clients. Some critical flaws that cannot be fixed rapidly deter Bitcoin’s widespread propagation. In such inflexible models, it is more efficient to roll-out a new project rather than perpetually fix the original project.
In this paper, we study and propose solutions to the main deficiencies of Bitcoin. We believe that a system taking into account the solutions we propose will lead to a healthy competition among different electronic cash systems. We also propose our own electronic cash, “CryptoNote”, a name emphasizing the next breakthrough in electronic cash.
Golem Whitepaper
Golem white paper
Grand vision and core features
● Golem is the first truly decentralized supercomputer, creating a global market for computing power. Combined with flexible tools to aid developers in securely distributing and monetizing their software, Golem altogether changes the way compute tasks are organized and executed. By powering decentralized microservices and asynchronous task execution, Golem is set to become a key building block for future Internet service providers and software development. And, by substantially lowering the price of computations, complex applications such as CGI rendering, scientific calculation, and machine learning become more accessible to everyone.
● Golem connects computers in a peer-to-peer network, enabling both application owners and individual users (“requestors”) to rent resources of other users’ (“providers”) machines. These resources can be used to complete tasks requiring any amount of computation time and capacity. Today, such resources are supplied by centralized cloud providers which, are constrained by closed networks, proprietary payment systems, and hard-coded provisioning operations. Also core to Golem’s built-in feature set is a dedicated Ethereum-based transaction system, which enables direct payments between requestors, providers, and software developers.
● The function of the token as the backbone of a decentralized market for computing power can be considered both Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), as well as Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS). However, Golem reveals its true potential by adding dedicated software integrations to the equation. Any interested party is free to create and deploy software to the Golem network by publishing it to the Application Registry.
Together with the Transaction Framework, developers can also extend and customize the payment mechanism resulting in unique mechanisms for monetizing software.
Bytom Whitepaper
Bytom Blockchain Protocol (hereinafter referred as Bytom) is an interactive protocol of multiple byteassets. Heterogeneous byte-assets (indigenous digital currency, digital assets) that operate in different forms on the Bytom Blockchain and atomic assets (warrants, securities, dividends, bonds, intelligence information, forecasting information and other information that exist in the physical world) can be registered, exchanged, gambled and engaged in other more complicated and contract-based interoperations via Bytom. The protocol connects the atomic world and the byteworld to promote the interaction and circulation of assets between the two worlds. Bytom adopts three-layer architecture: application layer, contract layer and data transmission layer. The application layer is friendly to mobile and other terminals and convenient for developers to develop asset management applications. The contract layer use genesis contract and control contracts for asset issuance and management, supporting scalable BUTXO of UTXO model at the bottom layer, optimizing EVM and using introspection mechanism to prevent deadlock in Turing complete. The data transmission layer adopts DLT technology to achieve asset issuance, spending, transfer and other operations. The consensus mechanism uses POW algorithm that are friendly to AI ASIC chips. Matrix and convolution calculation is introduced into the hashing process so that the miners can be used for AI hardware acceleration services, generating additional social benefits.
Decred Whitepaper
A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform
Satoshi Nakamoto’s development of Bitcoin in 2009 has often been hailed as a radical development in money and currency, being the first example of a digital asset which simultaneously has no backing or “intrinsic value” and no centralized issuer or controller. However, another, arguably more important, part of the Bitcoin experiment is the underlying blockchain technology as a tool of distributed consensus, and attention is rapidly starting to shift to this other aspect of Bitcoin.
Commonly cited alternative applications of blockchain technology include using on-blockchain digital assets to represent custom currencies and financial instruments (“colored coins”), the ownership of an underlying physical device (“smart property”), non-fungible assets such as domain names (“Namecoin”), as well as more complex applications involving having digital assets being directly controlled by a piece of code implementing arbitrary rules (“smart contracts”) or even blockchain-based “decentralized autonomous organizations” (DAOs). What Ethereum intends to provide is a blockchain with a built-in fully fledged Turing-complete programming language that can be used to create “contracts” that can be used to encode arbitrary state transition functions, allowing users to create any of the systems described above, as well as many others that we have not yet imagined, simply by writing up the logic in a few lines of code.
Steem Whitepaper
Steem is a blockchain database that supports community building and social interaction with cryptocurrency rewards. Steem combines concepts from social media with lessons learned from building cryptocurrencies and their communities. An important key to inspiring participation in any community, currency or free market economy is a fair accounting system that consistently reflects each person’s contribution. Steem is the first cryptocurrency that attempts to accurately and transparently reward an unbounded number of individuals who make subjective contributions to its community.
Ontology Whitepaper
Throughout history people have established trust through technology, rule of law, and communities.
However, trust and collaboration between entities involves multiple sources and isolated systems, which means it can be costly, and therefore hinders the breadth and depth of collaboration potential. Although the technology has advanced a great deal in recent times, too many factors are still hindering collaboration with trust. These include fragmentation of trust systems, the missing role of the individual, inaccurate identity verification, inability to dispute false information, etc. In areas such as social governance, economic cooperation, and financial services, the cost of establishing trust is huge.
The decentralized, tamper-proof blockchain has brought trust through technology to certain industries, however, further integrative mechanisms are needed to join together diverse trust systems and applications into a single new trust ecosystem.
Ontology establishes the connecting infrastructure for a trust ecosystem, with effective coordination of trust and data sources, as well as providing the infrastructure for distributed application development. 1 This paper focuses on Ontology’s technological framework, key technology principles, and core protocols.
Zilliqa Whitepaper
Existing cryptocurrencies and smart contract platforms are known to have scalability issues, i.e., the number of transactions they are capable of processing per second is limited, usually less than 10. As the number of applications utilizing public cryptocurrencies and smart contract platforms grow, the demand for processing high transaction rates in the order of hundreds and thousands of Tx/s is increasing.
In this work, we present ZILLIQA— a new blockchain platform that is designed to scale in transaction rates. As the number of miners in ZILLIQA increases, its transaction rates are expected to increase. At Ethereum’s present network size of 30,000 miners, ZILLIQA would expect to process about a thousand times the transaction rates of Ethereum. The cornerstone in ZILLIQA’s design is the idea of sharding — dividing the mining network into smaller shards each capable of processing transactions in parallel.
ZILLIQA further proposes an innovative special-purpose smart contract language and execution environment that leverages the underlying architecture to provide a large scale and highly efficient computation platform. The smart contract language in ZILLIQA follows a dataflow programming style which makes it ideal for running large-scale computations that can be easily parallelized. Examples include simple computations such as search, sort and linear algebra computations, to more complex computations such as training neural nets, data mining, financial modeling, scientific computing and in general any MapReduce task.
Augur Whitepaper
Augur whitepaper introduction
Augur is a trustless, decentralized oracle and platform for prediction markets, leveraging blockchain technology to create a system where users can bet on the outcomes of real-world events. These prediction markets can cover a wide range of topics, from political elections to sports events, providing a unique way for people to speculate on future outcomes.
At the core of Augur’s functionality is its native token, Reputation (REP), which plays a crucial role in the platform’s governance and decision-making processes. Users who hold REP tokens are responsible for reporting the outcomes of prediction markets. By staking their tokens on the actual observed outcome, they participate in the consensus process and, in return, earn settlement fees from the markets. This creates a financial incentive for accurate and honest reporting.
To ensure the integrity of the platform, Augur has implemented a dispute resolution mechanism. If a market outcome is contested, token holders can post progressively larger Reputation bonds to challenge the proposed outcome. Should these disputes escalate, Reputation tokens split into multiple versions, each representing a different possible outcome. Token holders are then required to choose one version of Reputation, and only the version that aligns with the real-world outcome will retain its value. This system is designed to ensure that markets are accurately resolved, maintaining trust in the platform.
In essence, Augur’s incentive structure, based on the value of Reputation tokens, ensures that honest reporting is always the most profitable option for participants. This design aims to create a self-sustaining ecosystem where prediction markets are reliable, and outcomes are determined by consensus rather than centralized authorities. Augur’s decentralized nature and focus on trustless interactions make it a pioneering platform in the realm of blockchain-based prediction markets.
Augur whitepaper pdf:
Ethereum Classic Whitepaper
Into the Ether with Ethereum Classic The Store-of-Value Commodity to Power the Internet of Things
Matthew Beck, CFA | March 2017In this next wave of the digital revolution, digital currencies have emerged as what many believe to be the greatest innovation since the advent of the internet. For the first time in history, value can be sent anywhere in the world at the same speed as information in a secure and trustless way. However, digital currencies are more than just payment facilitators. They offer an alternative to the economic, political, and social systems run by a handful of large institutions. Powered by millions of peers within globally distributed networks, digital currencies are democratizing information and value in
incredible new ways.We believe in a future of multiple digital assets, each with unique comparative advantages that enable them to play distinct roles in driving economic growth and in diversifying investment portfolios.