Category: Recently Added Whitepapers

Kirobo is an Israeli startup with a single mission: to create a logic layer that sits on top of each individual blockchain and protects users from human error. Our ultimate goal is to make blockchain as simple and secure as online banking.

With support from the Israel Innovation Authority, we have already created logic layers over Bitcoin networks. These days, we are in a continuous process of rolling out advanced services and solutions on top of these layers.

The Problem:

Cryptocurrency transfer is a risky and stressful task People are prone to make mistakes – but such mistakes cannot be tolerated in cryptocurrency transfers where a single misplaced digit of the transfer value, or a wrong address, can wipe out large amounts of money permanently. Addresses can also be deliberately altered by third-party attackers, compromising the security of the funds.

Kirobo’s Solution

Kirobo adds a new layer of protection to currency transfers. This layer protects users from all of the above-mentioned scenarios, and works on two levels:
1. A transaction code that must be entered by the recipient in order to receive the transfer
2. Retrieval capability that allows a sender to retrieve the funds at any time, as long as the right code hasn’t been provided by the recipient

Kirobo

Kirobo website

What is Carbon?

Carbon is a social crypto hub featuring a range of encrypted, decentralised communication tools.

We aim to bring many of the most popular crypto user requirements into one place. This includes encrypted messaging, notepad, password vault, social feed, token wallet, contact book, airdrops, events calendar and project team tools and much more. Put simply, most of your day to day crypto experience will be possible within the Carbon web app.

Users will connect with MetaMask, and have the option of centralised or decentralised data storage on most tools. All private content is fully encrypted off-chain for maximum security, which will be covered later in this whitepaper.

What problem does Carbon solve?
Currently, those in the crypto space must use many different apps and platforms simultaneously, creating hard work and leaving a lot of scope for error and insecure communications. Telegram for direct messaging, Twitter for news and announcements, local apps for password and secure data storage, other platforms for airdrops, another app for their token wallet, another for calendar and contacts and the list goes on. There needs to be one place where this all comes together. A place you can connect, share, send, receive, subscribe and follow everything cryptocurrency related, right from your browser by simply connecting with MetaMask.

Carbon is that place. Featuring a range of tools suitable for individuals and project teams alike, we’ve designed a great platform to bring everyone together and experience the benefits of encrypted, decentralised data and communications using the Ethereum blockchain.

Carbon Whitepaper

Carbon Website

The Base Protocol (BASE) is a synthetic crypto asset that derives its price from the total market cap of all cryptocurrencies (cmc) at a ratio of 1 : 1 trillion. BASE exists to maintain a market rate that is stably pegged to its underlying asset – the crypto industry. BASE’s peg to cmc is held stable through an elastic supply protocol.

Crypto Index
The Base Protocol acts as a one-stop trading instrument which allows holders to speculate on all cryptocurrencies simultaneously, rather than just one or a select portfolio of multiple. It allows traders to agnostically invest in the entire crypto ecosystem. This is its primary function.

The Base Protocol can also be used as a tool for more nuanced trading situations: Save Haven

BASE can be used as a transitory, “save haven” position between crypto transactions. Typically, one might trade into a “blue chip” crypto to reduce risk exposure, or trade into a stablecoin to remove risk exposure. Trading into BASE presents an alternative that maintains exposure to all cryptocurrencies rather than just one. This could be riskier than trading into a blue chip, but in some instances, may act as a hedge against some isolated / unforeseen events. For example, a rapid downfall in the blue chip, or the rapid emergence of a new project. Trading into BASE mitigates the inherent risk of holding one coin, while absorbing the potential gains of several others. So far, the most popular safe haven crypto asset is Bitcoin, as it generally leads industry direction and is historically the least volatile.

The ability to “hold” the entire crypto market should present a useful trading alternative.

Price Reference
Another use case is for BASE to function as a price reference for all cryptocurrencies. If a trader is speculating on an altcoin (x), he will often track price in terms of x/BTC rather than x/USD. This price reference illustrates how x performs relative to BTC rather than USD, which is the more important data for many crypto traders. If the trader instead uses x/BASE as their price reference, it would illustrate how x performs relative to the overall crypto market, rather than just BTC. The x/BASE price reference should present a valuable alternative to the popular x/BTC price reference.

Lending Instrument
BASE can also be used as a lending instrument to hedge on leveraged crypto trading. Traditionally, lending has been a challenge in crypto; if an individual borrows 1 BTC to buy a car, they could be on the hook for much more than they originally borrowed when it’s time to pay that 1 BTC back. This volatility presents a problem in borrowing crypto for general purposes, but can be useful if borrowing for crypto investing. Say a trader borrows 100 BASE to buy an altcoin, and that the altcoin plummets alongside a bearish trend in the crypto markets. When the trader goes to pay their 100 BASE back to the lender, he notices the value of that BASE also dropped – perfectly correspondent to the crypto market. This means that when he pays the loan back, he only absorbs the loss he took that was in excess of the overall loss in the market. And vice versa, if his altcoin went bullish, he would only absorb the gain in excess of overall market performance. In this way, BASE can be used as a strategic hedging instrument for crypto-focused portfolios trading on leverage.

The ability to speculate on the entire crypto market with one synthetic instrument lends itself to use cases like these and many others. Those interested in exploring these use cases can build on the Base Protocol to create relevant, second layer products.

Base protocol

Base Protocol Website

Idle is a decentralized protocol dedicated to bringing automatic asset allocation and aggregation to the interest-bearing tokens economy. This protocol bundles stable crypto-assets (stablecoins) into tokenized baskets that are programmed to automatically rebalance based on different management logics.

The Idle Protocol employs a strategy-token system. Every allocation strategy has is own set of tokens that represent a pool of yield-generating assets spread across different DeFi protocols. These tokens represent the investor’s proportional ownership of the whole pool and the interest accrued over time. This issuing method is similar to traditional mutual funds shares structure, and it allows Idle to be non-custodial.

Currently, Idle uses two different allocation strategies:

* Best-Yield: this strategy combines multiple money markets to automatically provide the highest interest rates, beating the best traditional offerings across interest-bearing tokens and DeFi protocols.

* Risk-Adjusted: this strategy automatically changes the asset allocation in order to find the optimal mix between risk scores and yield.
Consequently, users can hold IdleTokens related to a specific strategy and a specific stablecoin.

Idle aims to unlock the power of decentralized finance for everyone by single vehicle that automatically rebalances between underlying providers to always maintain the highest rates or the optimal risk/return allocation.

https://developers.idle.finance/

Idle Website

Venus Protocol (“Venus”) is an algorithmic-based money market system designed to bring a complete decentralized finance-based lending and credit system onto Binance Smart Chain. Venus enables users to utilize their cryptocurrencies by supplying collateral to the network that may be borrowed by pledging over-collateralized cryptocurrencies. This creates a secure lending environment where the lender receives a

compounded interest rate annually (APY) paid per block, while the borrower pays interest on the cryptocurrency borrowed. These interest rates are set by the protocol in a curve yield, where the rates are automated based on the demand of the specific market, such as Bitcoin. The difference of Venus from other money market protocols is the ability to use the collateral supplied to the market not only to borrow other assets but also to mint synthetic stablecoins with over-collateralized positions that protect the protocol. These synthetic stablecoins are not backed by a basket of fiat currencies but by a basket of cryptocurrencies. Venus utilizes the Binance Smart chain for fast, low-cost transactions while accessing a deep network of wrapped tokens and liquidity.

Venus Protocol

Venus Protocol Website

When oracles were initially introduced into the crypto marketplace, the main challenges facing these products were connectivity and interoperability. As price feed data emerged as the clear use case for data provided by decentralized oracle networks, getting accurate pricing for crypto assets became a necessity to run many DeFi protocols that have billions of dollars in locked value.

Various oracle solutions have been deployed to facilitate connections between exchange data and smart contracts. Unfortunately they do not offer privacy guarantees to secure the flow of information from data sources. Therefore, we propose constructing zero-knowledge proofs and a random oracle model to provide confidential data to smart contracts. Our solution can be applied by enterprises to any smart contract platform by enabling the techniques described in this paper.

Zoracles

Zoracles Website

MTT coin is a peer-to-peer cryptocurrency, released on Jan 27, 2020. MTT Coin is initiated in the form of decentralized governance. The distributed network of MTT coin is based on its own independent blockchain. It helps digital assets called MTT, be transferred around the globe without any central authorities. In addition of the services that are expected of an ordinary bank, MTT enables cost-efficient, safe, boundless, and fast payments worldwide to everyone, at any time, from anywhere. Furthermore, transactions are low charge and fees observe a price ceiling and a price floor for all transactions. Similar to Bitcoin, MTT coin network is secured by encrypted codes. But the different is that the algorithm of MTT coin network is based on Scrypt, then high speed of new block creation extremely accelerates the confirmation of the transactions.

MTT Coin provides services such as wallets, exchange, lending platform and online payment gateway.

“One of the MTT Coin goals, is to integrate the payment gateways of the online entertainment sphere”

MTTCoin

MTTCoin Website

Introduction

Bullswap is a decentralized exchange protocol launched on the Ethereum mainnet. There are no dependences required outside the Ethereum blockchain for it to operate. Bullswap contains two smart contracts: Exchange contract and factory contract. We have written smart contracts in both Solidity and Vyper. Anybody can access Bullswap using web3 and embed Bullswap functionalities within their apps.

Our exchange is fully decentralized and very easy to use. It’s a 100% on-chain market making, allowing the swap process between ERC20 tokens, as well as ETH to an ERC20 token, and vice-versa.

Bullswap smart contracts hold liquidity reserves of various tokens, and trades are fulfilled directly based on these reserves. Each Bullswap pair stores pooled reserves of two assets, provides liquidity for those, keeping the invariant that the product of the reserves can’t decrease.

Prices on Bullswap are set automatically using the automated market maker mechanism, which retains general reserves in relative balance. Reserves are pooled between a network of liquidity providers who supply the system with their tokens in Bullswap for a commensurate share of trading fees. The exchange contracts hold a reserve of ETH and their linked ERC20. This lets trades between the two based on related supply. Exchange contracts are connected by the registry, letting ERC20 to ERC20 trades directly between any tokens using ETH as an arbitrator.

Bullswap is designed to become an easy-to-use exchange, gas efficiency, censorship resistance, and zero rent extraction. It is beneficial for traders and functions particularly well as a module of other smart contracts which require guaranteed on-chain liquidity.

Our Vision
We believe that blockchain technology is improving through a network of cryptocurrency exchanges.

Bullswap team aims to be the innovator that’s leading the blockchain industry to the next generation with our decentralized exchange protocol. We will release the full potential of a DeFi exchange by our newest technologies.

We have launched Bullswap in the mission to support cryptocurrency market revolution. We hope that through our cutting-edge technologies, we will be able to boost the liquidity of overall market.

With your help, Bullswap will build a leading global DeFi exchange, powering the future of crypto finance.

Bullswap

Bullswap Website

Abstract. Projects in the decentralized finance space have been utilizing stake and proof-of-liquidity mechanics to develop a trustless decentralized market. However, the massive successes of these mechanics came with some new problems. Cryptobonds addresses these problems by offering a solution with ’tradeable stake positions’, requiring the bonding of Uniswap liquidity pairs with our ERC-20 token (SYNC).

The CryptoBond smart contract allows users to mine SYNC by staking a bond between SYNC and Uniswap liquidity provider tokens. CryptoBonds are a tradeable ERC-721 (NFT) with collectible attributes and SYNC-mining features. The CryptoBond smart contract automatically adjusts its SYNC mining rates once a day depending on the SYNC economy. SYNC rates decline as a result of net CryptoBond creation and increase when CryptoBonds cause new SYNC to be minted and issued to the CryptoBond holder (which may happen entirely at ‘maturity’ of the CryptoBond or on a more periodic schedule—see ”CryptoBond Types” below).

The SYNC Network works to bring stability and risk mitigation to decentralized finance by demonstrating a long-term backbone for liquidity pools, building a needed, stable foundation for the DeFi space in the long term and helping to foster a more robust decentralized market.

Sync Network

Syncbond Website

Alaya is the third phase on PlatON’s roadmap, marking that, after the previous development and network-testing phases, PlatON has now progressed into the application validation phase.

Alaya is the prototype and business sandbox for the next generation of financial infrastructure. Designed to provide open service for native financial DApps in distributed economies, Alaya is dedicated to providing secure, high-performance, and expandable distributed sandbox enviroment for developers, nodes, data providers and other participants.

Alaya is also a test field for the next generation of global privacy computing architecture and data asset computing infrastructure. We strive to provide more tools and apps that enable privacy-computing based data asset issuing and trading. By encouraging the participation of data owners, data requesters and algorithm providers, we shall combine their strength to build the infrastructure for the full life-cycle data services.

Alaya is way beyond a conventional testing network. It will grow to be a digital life form that will sustain itself independently and maintain an independent user community.

Alaya is not an affiliation or dependency of PlatON either. While they share the identical underlying technology, they maintain their respective degrees of openness and activities. Despite sharing the same vision and idea, their evolution paths and specializations differ.

Guided by the prudence principles and a robust network strategy, there for has Alaya first come into play.

Alaya Website
Alaya Documentation