Category: Recently Added Whitepapers

The full potential of connected devices is only achieved when they are tied to individual identities”- Gartner Report, The Identity of Things for IoT

Founded in 2014 at Harvard University, Nucleus Vision is an end-to-end technology solution that captures and provides previously unaccessed data to retailers and other ‘brick and mortar’ businesses through blockchain and real time sensor technology. Our proprietary IoT sensor technology doesn’t depend on any RFID, WiFi, Bluetooth, or even facial recognition technologies to identify any customer within it’s vicinity.By building a secure blockchain based information network for IDs captured, Nucleus Vision aims to protect consumers privacy, while mining intelligence using neural models, and integrating its nCash tokens, to create the largest global loyalty rewards network.

With the exponential development of GPU computing power, big data, Internet of things, sensors, and other fields over the past few years, artificial intelligence has begun to break out, in a way that futuristic technologies such as facial recognition and voice interaction are being integrated into our lives day by day. From 2012 to 2016, there was an increase of 5154 artificial intelligence startups in the whole world, the total financing amount reached $22.4 billion, and many medium and large companies have set up artificial intelligence departments while the net investment in artificial intelligence world-wide became more than $100 billion.

It can be said that after the rise and fall of several times in history, the era of artificial intelligence has finally arrived! In the past few years, the DeepBrain Chain core team has been deeply exploring the forefront of artificial intelligence, was awarded First Prize in Enterprise Sector, and was awarded Second Prize in Academic Sector & Enterprise Sector of SMP 2017 Chinese Man-Machine Dialogue Field Authority Evaluation Contest held by Artificial Intelligence Research Center of the Harbin Institute of Technology, exceeding over 30 domestic first-class academic and corporate AI teams which participated in the competition.

We have been committed to artificial intelligence landing applications and services for a variety of Internet of things equipments, so that ordinary equipments could have the brain, with dialogue, thinking, and reasoning abilities. In 2014, as a result, the world’s first AI sound box Small Zhi was launched half a year earlier than the Amazon Echo, causing widespread concern in the industry and hence driving the AI wave concerning networking equipments.

In 2017, the first national AI brain open platform DeepBrain was launched. When we do AI products, we realize that nearly 10% to 30% of the budget of a lot of artificial intelligence enterprises will be put into construction of AI’s computing power. These include the purchase and maintenance of high computing performance hardware, which have become a heavy burden to enterprises, restricting investment in technology research and development.

Is there a good way to completely solve this painful point, so that AI enterprises can promote the technological revolution more smoothly?
This is where DeepBrain Chain enters. DeepBrain Chain is the first and only artificial intelligence platform in the world, driven by blockchain technology. By utilizing DeepBrain Chain’s platform, artificial intelligence enterprises can reduce 70% of hardware cost. In addition, potential privacy risk for enterprises when using data can be effectively avoided. This is because the algorithm of the platform is fixed by smart contract and thus cannot be changed.

Byteball is a decentralized system that allows tamper proof storage of arbitrary data, including data that represents transferrable value such as currencies, property titles, debt, shares, etc. Storage units are linked to each other such that each storage unit includes one or more hashes of earlier storage units, which serves both to confirm earlier units and establish their partial order. The set of links among units forms a DAG (directed acyclic graph).

There is no single central entity that manages or coordinates admission of new units into the database, everyone is allowed to add a new unit provided that he signs it and pays a fee equal to the size of added data in bytes. The fee is collected by other users who later confirm the newly added unit by including its hash within their own units. As new units are added, each earlier unit receives more and more confirmations by later units that include its hash, directly or indirectly. There is an internal currency called ‘bytes’ that is used to pay for adding data into the decentralized database. Other currencies (assets) can also be freely issued by anyone to represent property rights, debt, shares, etc. Users can send both bytes and other currencies to each other to pay for goods/services or to exchange one currency for another; the transactions that move the value are added to the database as storage units. If two transactions try to spend the same output (double-spend) and there is no partial order between them, both are allowed into the database but only the one that comes earlier in the total order is deemed valid. Total order is established by selecting a single chain on the DAG (the main chain) that is attracted to units signed by known users called witnesses.

A unit whose hash is included earlier on the main chain is deemed earlier on the total order. Users choose the witnesses by naming the user-trusted witnesses in every storage unit. Witnesses are reputable users with real-world identities, and users who name them expect them to never try to double-spend. As long as the majority of witnesses behave as expected, all double-spend attempts are detected in time and marked as such.

As witnesses-authored units accumulate after a user’s unit, there are deterministic (not probabilistic) criteria when the total order of the user’s unit is considered final. Users store their funds on addresses that may require more than one signature to spend (multisig). Spending may also require other conditions to be met, including conditions that are evaluated by looking for specific data posted to the database by other users (oracles). Users can issue new assets and define rules that govern their transferability.

The rules can include spending restrictions such as a requirement for each transfer to be cosigned by the issuer of the asset, which is one way for financial institutions to comply with existing regulations. Users can also issue assets whose transfers are not published to the database, and therefore not visible to third parties. Instead, the information about the transfer is exchanged privately between users, and only a hash of the transaction and a spend proof (to prevent double-spends) are published to the database.

EMCSSL – decentralized identity management, passwordless logins, and client SSL certificates using Emercoin NVS.

This document will introduce details of a scalable infrastructure for passwordless authorization suitable for an unlimited number of web services. The infrastructure sits on the Emercoin cryptocurrency blockchain, using the blockchain as a decentralized trust store of hash sums for client SSL-certificates. Certificates can be generated by clients locally, without any central authority, nand quickly replaced as needed. This makes the system effective both for scheduled replacement and rapid recall of ncompromised certificates. The uniqueness of the proposal is in the complete decentralization of the system, i.e. the lack of a group of servers running under a single authorization (as used in the systems of Kerberos, OpenID, TeddyID and the like). As a result, it is not possible for EMCSSL to suffer system-wide service disruption either due to technical failure or malicious attack upon authorization servers. In addition, it is not possible for a user to have their accounts globally suspended at the whim of a single authority.

Also outlined is InfoCard – a decentralized distributed “business card” system that complements EMCSSL’s passwordless logins by allowing website profiles to be automatically populated. InfoCard has the ability to organize information in a hierarchical structure, which can be useful for quick content updates to all cards within companies or other organizations.

What is ChainLink?
ChainLink is blockchain middleware that allows smart contracts to access key off-chain resources like data feeds, various web APIs, and traditional bank account payments.

By providing smart contracts secure access to these key resources, ChainLink allows them to mimic real world agreements that require external proof of performance and need to make payment in widely available payment methods e.g. bank payments.

Abstract
Smart contracts are poised to revolutionize many industries by replacing the need for both traditional legal agreements and centrally automated digital agreements. Both performance verification and execution rely on manual actions from one of the contracting parties, or an automated system that programmatically retrieves and updates relevant changes. Unfortunately, because of their underlying consensus protocols, the blockchains on which smart contracts run cannot support native communication with external systems.

Today, the solution to this problem is to introduce a new functionality, called an oracle, that provides connectivity to the outside world. Existing oracles are centralized services. Any smart contract using such services has a single point of failure, making it no more secure than a traditional, centrally run digital agreement. In this paper we present ChainLink, a decentralized oracle network. We describe the on-chain components that ChainLink provides for contracts to gain external connectivity, and the software powering the nodes of the network. We present both a simple on-chain contract data aggregation system, and a more efficient off-chain consensus mechanism. We also describe supporting reputation and security monitoring services for ChainLink that help users make informed provider selections and achieve robust service even under aggressively adversarial conditions. Finally, we characterize the properties of an ideal oracle as guidance for our security strategy, and lay out possible future improvements, including richly featured oracle programming, data-source infrastructure modifications, and confidential smart-contract execution.

ChainLink Whitepaper pdf:

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Cindicator creates the social and technological infrastructure needed to make eective decisions under the volatile conditions of the new economy.

By combining a large number of diverse nancial analysts and a set of machinelearning models into a single system, we are developing a Hybrid Intelligence infrastructure for the ecient management of investors’ capital in traditional nancial and crypto-markets.

The benets of Hybrid Intelligence for an ecosystem and community are: – a technological and analytical infrastructure for the ecient and safe management of investors’ capital by investors themselves or licensed managers;

– an opportunity for analysts to monetise their intellectual assets without risking their own funds;
– tools and data for making investment decisions under the conditions of market uncertainty;
– up-to-date analytics of the industry, expectations, opportunities, and market growth points;
– indices and ratings of crypto-assets

What is TenX

When we as the co-founders of TenX got together to start this company, it was our vision to have assets on the blockchain be not only available to industry insiders, but rather something that can be used by any individual user in the “real world”.

Additionally, with the emergence of more and more different tokens, a growing number of users and businesses truly struggle to leverage on the existing infrastructure to make this interconnectedness of physical and virtual platforms become a reality.

At TenX, we strive to offer the user access to as large as possible a range of blockchain assets at a maximum degree of convenience, while adhering to the highest security standards in the ecosystem.

We are able to do this by connecting blockchains, leveraging on the COMIT network, including the COMIT Routing Protocol and the Cross-chain Payment Channels, which works in a completely trustless, instantaneous and low-cost manner. For further information on the COMIT network, including the COMIT Routing Protocol and the Cross-chain Payment Channels, please refer to the whitepaper in respect thereof, accessible at

Abstract— The online services we use are increasingly demanding more of our personal data, a disturbing trend that

threatens the privacy of users on a global scale. Entities such as Google, Facebook and Yahoo have grown into colossal, seemingly unaccountable corporations by monetizing their users’ personal data. These entities are charged with keeping said data secure and, in the case of social and economic interactions, safeguarding the privacy of their users. Centralized security models are not applicable to the new generation of technologies such as Bitcoin. This paper discusses a system which combines a Bitmessage-style network with anonymous payment schemes to create a privacy-centric marketplace. Furthermore we apply a multi-signature escrow technique involving insurance deposits should which deter fraudulent actors from participating in trades, given that their incentive is to make a profit

SmartCash is a peer-to-peer digital currency that can be used without having to trust a third party, which makes it possible to be your own bank.
SmartCash is meant to be a currency and our vision is to replace centralized fiat currencies. Our strategy is to make SmartCash as easy to use, fast and secure as possible to build a foundation that can support daily transactions for people everywhere.

We aim to grow our platform by supporting community and third party projects, hiring developers, gaining merchant acceptance, and using both grassroots and established marketing methods.
SmartCash is a coin with its own blockchain that uses Bitcoin 14 core. The launch date was July 11, 2017 and the Coin Ticker is SMART.
SmartCash never held an ICO nor was any money raised from private investors. SmartCash is self-funded using block rewards only.

Blockchain consensus’s uses Proof of Work based methods and new blocks are mined using the Keccak algorithm. The average block time is 55 seconds and the Maximum Supply is 5 Billion SMART. The current Block size is 1 MB and Adaptive Blocks will be used for capacity scaling as needed.